Sarcoma Cancer Doctor in Kolkata
A sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that differs from the more common carcinomas, as it originates in a different type of tissue. Sarcomas develop in connective tissues—cells that support or connect various types of tissue throughout the body. These tumours are most frequently found in the bones, muscles, tendons, cartilage, nerves, fat, and blood vessels of the arms and legs, but they can also occur in other areas of the body. If you want to undergo treatment for this condition, consult the sarcoma cancer treatment in Kolkata.
Symptoms of Sarcoma Cancer
Symptoms of sarcoma cancer can vary based on the tumour’s location. In some cases, sarcomas may not produce noticeable symptoms in the early stages. Some may present as a painless lump beneath the skin, while others may only cause discomfort when they grow large enough to press against an organ.
Other types of sarcomas might lead to persistent bone pain or swelling in an arm or leg, particularly worsening at night, which can restrict movement. Common symptoms may include the following:
- A new lump that may or may not be painful
- Pain in an extremity (arm or leg) or the abdomen/pelvis
- Difficulty moving an arm or leg (limp or limited range of motion)
- Unexplained weight loss
- Back pain
Consult the sarcoma oncologist in Kolkata if you notice these symptoms.
Causes of Sarcoma Cancer
Factors that can increase the risk of sarcoma include:
Inherited Syndromes
Some genetic syndromes that heighten cancer risk can be passed down from parents to children. Examples include familial retinoblastoma and neurofibromatosis type 1.
Radiation Therapy
Receiving radiation treatment for other cancers can raise the risk of developing sarcoma later on.
Chronic Swelling (Lymphedema)
Lymphedema, which is swelling caused by a buildup of lymph fluid due to a blocked or damaged lymphatic system, can increase the risk of a specific type of sarcoma known as angiosarcoma.
Chemical Exposure
Certain chemicals, including some industrial substances and herbicides, may elevate the risk of developing liver sarcomas.
Viral Exposure
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) can increase the risk of Kaposi’s sarcoma, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.
Stages of Sarcoma Cancer
The stages of sarcoma cancer are usually determined using the TNM staging system, which assesses the Tumour size and extent, lymph Node involvement, and Metastasis (spread to distant sites). Here’s a breakdown of the stages:
Stage 0 (Carcinoma in Situ)
Abnormal cells are present, but they have not invaded deeper tissues. This stage is not commonly used for sarcomas but indicates early detection.
Stage I
The tumour is localised and small, often measuring less than 5 cm. There is no spread to nearby lymph nodes or distant sites.
Stage II
The tumour may be larger (over 5 cm) but still localised. It may or may not have spread to nearby lymph nodes but has not metastasized to distant sites.
Stage III
The tumour can be of any size and may have spread to nearby lymph nodes. However, it has not spread to distant organs.
Stage IV
The cancer has metastasized to distant organs or tissues, indicating advanced disease. This stage poses the most significant challenges for treatment.
Diagnosis of Sarcoma Cancer
The doctor will start with a comprehensive medical history and a physical examination. They may perform specialised tests on a tissue sample obtained from a biopsy to accurately diagnose the specific type of sarcoma you have. Diagnostic tests may include the following:
X-ray
Uses low doses of radiation to create images of bones and soft tissues within your body.
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
Combines multiple X-ray images using computer technology to produce cross-sectional views of your internal structures.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Employs powerful magnets and radio waves along with a computer to generate detailed images of the inside of your body. An MRI may be ordered for clearer visuals if an X-ray reveals abnormalities.
Bone Scan
Involves injecting a small amount of radioactive material into your body to detect bone disorders, such as bone sarcoma.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan
Utilises a special glucose tracer that binds to cells with high glucose consumption, like cancer cells. A PET scan highlights areas where glucose levels are elevated, indicating possible tumours.
Biopsy
During this procedure, the doctor removes a tissue sample from the tumour and sends it to a laboratory. A pathologist then examines the tissue under a microscope to determine if it is sarcoma, helping the doctor identify the specific type and tailor the most effective treatments.
Treatments of Sarcoma Cancer
The sarcoma oncologist in Kolkata recommends treatment based on the patient’s condition. Common treatments for sarcoma cancer are as follows:
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy employs high-energy X-rays to target and destroy cancer cells while minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissue. It can be administered in two forms:
External Radiation:
Delivered from a machine outside the body, precisely aimed at the tumour.
Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy):
Involves placing radioactive material directly inside or near the tumour.
Radiation therapy can also be effective for treating metastatic sarcoma that has spread to other parts of the body.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to kill or slow the growth of rapidly dividing cancer cells. These medications can be administered either intravenously (through a needle into a vein) or orally. Chemotherapy may be given to shrink tumours or to eliminate any remaining cancer cells. In some cases, it is combined with radiation therapy for enhanced effectiveness.
Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapy focuses on specific weaknesses within cancer cells, attacking them without harming healthy cells. This treatment is effective only for certain types of cancer cells that exhibit the targeted vulnerabilities. The doctor may recommend targeted therapy as a standalone treatment or alongside other therapies.
Immunotherapy (Biologic Therapy)
Immunotherapy enhances the immune system’s ability to recognize and combat cancer cells. Cancer cells often possess features that allow them to evade detection by the immune system. Immunotherapy works by disabling these defences, enabling the immune system to effectively target and destroy cancer cells.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does it mean when sarcoma cancer metastasizes?
Metastasis of sarcoma cancer refers to the spread of cancer cells from the original tumour site to other parts of the body. In sarcoma, this can occur when cancer cells travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to form new tumours in distant organs.
What are the symptoms of sarcoma cancer in the arm?
Symptoms may include a noticeable lump or swelling in the arm, pain that may worsen at night, and restricted movement. If sarcoma metastasizes to the arm, it may cause additional symptoms based on the location of the spread.
What are the signs of sarcoma cancer in the neck?
Signs can include a lump or swelling in the neck, pain or discomfort, difficulty swallowing, and voice changes. If the cancer spreads to nearby lymph nodes, it may cause further swelling or pain in that area.
What are the implications of having sarcoma cancer in the brain?
Sarcomas can metastasize to the brain, leading to symptoms such as headaches, seizures, nausea, and neurological deficits. Treatment often involves a combination of radiation, and chemotherapy.
What should I be aware of regarding sarcoma cancer on the face?
Symptoms may include visible lumps or swelling, changes in skin colour or texture, and potential discomfort or pain. Facial sarcomas can impact function and aesthetics, necessitating a careful treatment approach.