Penile Cancer
Penile Cancer Doctor in Kolkata
Penile cancer is a rare type of cancer that occurs in the tissues of the penis. It begins in the skin cells or the tissues lining the penis and can manifest in various forms. Early diagnosis significantly improves outcomes. Consulting with the cancer specialist will assist you in finding the most suitable penile cancer treatment in Kolkata based on your condition.
Symptoms of Penile Cancer
Not all cancers produce visible changes, but penile cancer usually alters the appearance of the penis. You might notice discolouration of the skin and the presence of a lump. Symptoms of penile cancer include:
- A painless lump or sore that may bleed
- Swelling and irritation, particularly at the head of the penis (balanitis)
- Thickening of the skin or changes in skin colour
- Flat growths that appear bluish-brown
- Foul-smelling discharge under the foreskin
- Small, crusty bumps
- Rash
Connect with the penile oncologist in Kolkata if you experience any of these symptoms.
Causes of Penile Cancer
Research indicates that penile cancer is more prevalent in men who:
- Have the human papillomavirus (HPV)
- Are over the age of 60
- Smoke
- Have a weakened immune system due to HIV or AIDS
- Are uncircumcised, as fluids and a thick buildup called smegma can accumulate under the foreskin, potentially increasing the risk of cancer
- Suffer from phimosis, a condition that causes a tight foreskin, making cleaning difficult and leading to fluid buildup
- Have undergone psoriasis treatment with the drug psoralen combined with ultraviolet (UV) light
Stages of Penile Cancer
Penile cancer is staged based on how far the cancer has spread. The main stages are as follows:
Stage 0 (Carcinoma in Situ)
Abnormal cells are found on the surface of the skin, but they have not invaded deeper tissues. This stage is sometimes referred to as superficial or in situ cancer.
Stage I
The cancer has invaded the inner layers of the skin and may have spread to nearby connective tissue, but it has not yet reached the lymph nodes.
Stage II
The cancer has spread deeper into the tissues of the penis and may have affected surrounding structures, such as the urethra or nearby lymph nodes.
Stage III
The cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes but has not reached distant organs. This stage indicates more extensive local spread.
Stage IV
This is the most advanced stage, where the cancer has spread to distant lymph nodes or other organs, such as the lungs or liver.
Diagnosis of Penile Cancer
The diagnosis of penile cancer involves several steps to accurately identify the disease and determine its extent. Here are the common methods used:
Physical Examination
The doctor will conduct a thorough physical examination of the penis and surrounding areas to check for any unusual lumps, sores, or changes in skin texture.
Medical History
The doctor will review the patient’s medical history, including any risk factors, symptoms, and any previous conditions, such as HPV infection or psoriasis.
Biopsy
If any suspicious areas are found, a biopsy may be performed. This involves removing a small sample of tissue from the affected area to be examined under a microscope for cancer cells.
Imaging Tests
Ultrasound:
May be used to assess any lumps or abnormalities.
CT or MRI Scans:
These imaging tests can help determine whether the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes or other organs.
Lymph Node Evaluation
If cancer is suspected to have spread, the doctor may perform a fine needle aspiration to assess the lymph nodes for cancer involvement.
Urinalysis
A urine sample may be analysed to check for signs of cancer or infections that could be related to symptoms.
Treatments of Penile Cancer
The treatment of penile cancer depends on several factors, including the stage of the cancer, its location, and the patient’s overall health. Here are the common treatment options:
Radiation Therapy
Used either as a primary treatment to destroy remaining cancer cells.
Chemotherapy
Topical Chemotherapy:
These are medications applied directly to the skin lesions for superficial cancers.
Systemic Chemotherapy:
This type of chemotherapy for penile cancer is used for advanced cancers that have spread, involving medications delivered through the bloodstream.
Immunotherapy
Treatments that help stimulate the body’s immune system to attack cancer cells. This approach may be used in advanced cases.
Targeted Therapy
Focuses on specific characteristics of cancer cells. This option is still under research but shows promise for advanced cases.
Contact the penile oncologist in Kolkata to know more about these treatments.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the first symptom of penile cancer?
The first symptom of penile cancer often includes a painless lump or sore on the penis that may not heal.
How is penile cancer managed?
Penile cancer management involves a multidisciplinary approach, including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and regular follow-up care. The specific plan depends on the cancer’s stage and the patient’s overall health.
What do bumps on the penis mean to penile cancer?
Bumps on the penis can be a sign of various conditions, including penile cancer. It’s important to consult a doctor for evaluation, especially if the bumps of penile cancer are painful, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms.
How is penile cancer staged using the TNM system?
The TNM staging for penile cancer is based on:
- T (Tumour): Size and extent of the primary tumour.
- N (Nodes): Involvement of regional lymph nodes.
- M (Metastasis): Presence of distant metastasis. This system helps determine treatment options and prognosis.
Can penile cancer be cured?
Yes, penile cancer can often be cured, especially if diagnosed early. Treatments such as radiation and chemotherapy can effectively eliminate cancer in many cases.